The Department of Homeland Security is reviewing the Optional Practical Training program, a key post-study work pathway used by thousands of Indian students, raising uncertainty about its future under the administration’s America First immigration policy.
The U.S. government is reexamining a major post-graduation work program for international students, a move that could impact hundreds of thousands of foreign graduates — particularly students from India.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) confirmed it is reviewing the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, which allows F-1 visa holders to work in the United States after completing their degrees. The reassessment comes as part of the Trump administration’s broader “America First” immigration agenda.
In a letter to Sen. Eric Schmitt, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said DHS is evaluating whether the current structure of OPT — including how long participants can work and the scope of permitted employment — aligns with U.S. labor market needs, tax considerations and national security priorities.
Under existing rules, international students may work for up to 12 months after graduation. Those in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields are eligible for a 24-month extension. Many graduates rely on OPT as a stepping stone to longer-term employment visas such as the H-1B.
The review carries particular weight for Indian students, who represent one of the largest groups of F-1 visa holders in the United States. With more than 300,000 Indian students enrolled in U.S. institutions — many of whom participate in OPT — any regulatory changes could have far-reaching effects.
Noem acknowledged a sharp rise in the number of foreign students engaged in practical training programs and cited concerns about potential vulnerabilities. She noted that OPT and related training opportunities were created through federal regulations rather than direct statutory language, raising questions about whether the program remains consistent with congressional intent.
DHS has indicated it may pursue formal regulatory changes. According to Noem, a proposed rule listed in the Spring 2025 Unified Agenda would amend existing practical training regulations. The goal, she wrote, would be to protect American workers from displacement, address fraud and national security concerns, and strengthen oversight under the Student and Exchange Visitor Program.
Sen. Schmitt, in an earlier letter to DHS and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, described OPT as a regulatory “work benefit” and urged a comprehensive review to determine whether it should be reformed or potentially eliminated.
While no immediate changes have been announced, the review introduces uncertainty for international students planning to work in the U.S. after graduation — particularly those counting on OPT as a bridge to long-term employment opportunities.
DHS Launches Review of OPT Work Program, Raising Concerns for Indian Students
