China’s second generation of wealthy and powerful families, known as the “fuerdai” or “guanerdai.” The study highlights how these elite youth have become symbols of inequality and corruption, drawing widespread public criticism.
The paper, authored by John Osburg, Fellow on Chinese Society at CCA, notes that intense competition for internships, jobs, and business opportunities has fueled resentment toward the children of China’s elite. Slower economic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with record-high youth unemployment, has made ordinary graduates feel sidelined by candidates with privileged backgrounds.
Many fuerdai have studied or lived abroad, gaining cosmopolitan experience, yet this exposure presents challenges. Osburg notes that time spent overseas can leave them less prepared to navigate China’s politically and socially complex environment. Some parents encourage careers abroad to shield their children from the uncertain, connection-driven domestic business climate.
Osburg predicts that this generation will be China’s most well-educated and globally minded elite yet. Their exposure to Western norms and political systems will shape how they approach governance and business, though it does not imply a push for liberal democracy.
The study also highlights trends in elite marriage and education, emphasizing that family background will continue to play a decisive role in success. Without solutions to declining social mobility, China’s future leaders may face the challenges of an increasingly stratified society.
